What is the proper procedure for ballast water described as E/R style?

The term "E/R style" in the context of ballast water management refers to the procedure of "Empty/Refill." This method is often employed when a vessel is managing its ballast water in accordance with regulations aimed at preventing the introduction of invasive species and protecting marine ecosystems.

In this procedure, the ballast water is completely discharged (emptied) before being refilled with water from a different location, typically in the open ocean, where the risk of transferring invasive organisms is minimized. The "refill" step ensures that the vessel takes on ballast water that is less likely to contain harmful organisms that could disrupt local ecosystems when the ship reaches its next port.

This method is particularly effective when a ship is in transit and helps ensure compliance with environmental regulations. It contrasts with other procedures that may involve maintaining existing ballast or simply monitoring the ballast water without taking substantial action to mitigate risk. Understanding the significance of this procedure is crucial for MSTs as they enforce ballast water management practices under international and U.S. laws.