What term describes an air mass that forms over land?

An air mass that forms over land is referred to as continental. This term is used to describe air masses that originate over land areas where the surface is typically dry and has less moisture content compared to air masses that develop over bodies of water. The characteristics of continental air masses are influenced by the temperature and the geographical features of the land they form over, leading to drier and more stable conditions.

Maritime air masses, in contrast, form over oceans or large bodies of water and are typically more humid. The term equatorial refers to air masses that develop near the equator, characterized by high temperatures and humidity, and arctic air masses form over polar regions, usually resulting in cold and dry air. Each type of air mass plays a significant role in weather patterns, but the defining characteristic of a continental air mass is its land origin, making it drier compared to its maritime counterpart.