What type of court martial involves 1 judge and 12 members?

The type of court martial that involves one judge and 12 members is a General court martial. This court martial is typically convened for more serious offenses and has the authority to impose the most severe punishments allowed under military law, including dishonorable discharge and confinement for lengthy periods.

In a General court martial, the role of the judge is to oversee the proceedings, ensure the trial is fair, and follow due process. The 12 members, who are military personnel, serve as the jury to evaluate the evidence presented and determine the guilt or innocence of the accused.

The Capital court martial may involve a similar structure, but it is specifically reserved for cases in which the death penalty may be imposed, making it distinct in purpose and procedural requirements. Summary court martial is less formal, typically involves only one officer presiding without a jury of members, and is used for minor offenses. Non-judicial punishment is a different process altogether, used for handling minor infractions without a formal court martial.