When are Notices of Federal Interest (NOFAs) typically issued?

Notices of Federal Interest (NOFAs) are typically issued when removal efforts are insufficient. This situation arises when initial response actions to mitigate a spill are deemed inadequate, prompting federal authorities to assert their interest in ensuring that effective measures are taken to manage the spill properly. A NOFA indicates that federal resources or oversight may be necessary to protect public health, welfare, or the environment.

In many cases, this intervention helps to ensure that a comprehensive strategy is implemented for cleanup and remediation. The issuance of a NOFA can also signal that more significant federal involvement is warranted to ensure compliance with laws or regulations related to spill response.

Considering the other potential scenarios: immediately after detection of a spill would generally be too early for a NOFA, as initial response actions should occur first. After complete containment of a spill, no interventions would typically be necessary, as containment indicates that the spill has been effectively managed. During federal investigations may involve different processes and reporting that are not directly tied to the issuance of a NOFA, which is more focused on inadequate response efforts rather than investigative actions.